4. Definition of Terms

In order that terms used throughout this study may be understood within the context of the theme, the following definitions are provided.

Compulsory education:    The primary education which requires six years to complete.  It is compulsory and free of charge.

Educational efficiency:    The educational outcomes as compared to the educational resources being used.

Educational facilities:    School buildings, classrooms, educational equipments and school furniture.

Educational opportunity:    Student opportunity to receive education without any discrimination on sex, race, religion, place of residence and economic background.

Quality of education:    The educational outcomes in terms of attendance rate, retention rate, promotion rate and student achievement in relation to the five major educational or relate components. Namely, teacher, student, school parents and community.

Student achievement:    The test scores of each subject or cluster of subjects such as: Thai, mathematics, etc.

Teacher qualification:    The educational degree levels each teach obtains from professional training programs.
-    Lower than “Teacher training certificate” which is equivalent to lower secondary education and no longer offered in present pre-service training for more than 3 years.)
-    Teacher training certificate (which equivalent to upper secondary education and no longer offered in present pre-service training recently).
-    Associate bachelor’s degree or equivalence.
-    Bachelor’s degree and higher.